2024년 1월 29일 1교시 RMAN clear 명령어, 컨트롤파일이 깨진 경우 RMAN 으로 복구하기

오라클 백업 리커버리

by 병아리 엔지니어 2024. 1. 29. 10:18

지난 수업 중에 백업파일이 저장되는 위치를

/home/oracle/backup/rman/ 디렉토리로 지정해놓았었다.

RMAN> show all;

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/home/oracle/backup/rman/%F';

그런데 그 부분을 기본값으로 되돌리려면?

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK clear;

clear 명령어를 사용하면 된다.

RMAN> show all;
원래의 값으로 되돌아갔는지 확인하기:

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
원래대로 바뀌어 있다.

RMAN> list backup;

백업 정보 보기

RMAN> delete backupset;

Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes

백업셋 지우기

RMAN> backup as compressed backupset database;

백업 다시 받기

RMAN> list backup;

백업 정보 보기

(복습 중이라면 꼭 이 백업 정보 메모장에라도 저장해 놓기... 아래 부분에서 매우 요긴하게 쓰인다...)

RMAN> list backup;

List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
64      Full    323.58M    DISK        00:00:36     29-JAN-24
        BP Key: 64   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20240129T094421
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/backupset/2024_01_29/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20240129T094421_lvfx7651_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 64
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  1       Full 2170239    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/system01.dbf
  2       Full 2170239    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/sysaux01.dbf
  4       Full 2170239    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
  5       Full 2170239    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf
  6       Full 2170239    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/undotbs01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
65      Full    9.73M      DISK        00:00:01     29-JAN-24
        BP Key: 65   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20240129T094507
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_29/o1_mf_s_1159523107_lvfx8n4v_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 29-JAN-24
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA11G
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2170324      Ckp time: 29-JAN-24

RMAN> report obsolete;

RMAN> delete obsolete;

Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes

RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;

물리적인 아카이브 파일을 모르고 지워버려도 컨트롤 파일은 기억하고 있다. (실제로는 없다)

물리적인 아카이브 파일이 있어야 할 곳에 있는지 없는지를 위 명령어로 체크할 수 있다.

(없다면 꼭 아카이브가 없다는 것을 알아차린 시점에 새로 백업받기 > 예전 아카이브들 지워버리기)

RMAN> list expired archivelog all;

RMAN> delete expired archivelog all;

RMAN> list expired archivelog all;

RMAN> report obsolete;

필요없는 파일들 다 지우기

SYS@ora11g> ! ls /home/oracle/arch1
arch_1_28_1158423268.arc

아카이브도 확인해보기

select a.group#, b.sequence#, a.member, b.bytes/1024/1024MB, b.archived, b.status
from v$logfile a, v$log b
where a.group# = b.group#
order by 1;

리두 정보 확인

시나리오 n. 컨트롤 파일 손상시키기

1. 컨트롤파일 손상시키기

1-1. 현재 컨트롤파일이 있는 위치 확인

SYS@ora11g> select name from v$controlfile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl

1-2. 컨트롤파일 지우기

SYS@ora11g> ! rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl

SYS@ora11g> ! ls /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl
ls: cannot access /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl: No such file or directory

1-3. 체크포인트 유발 : alert log 일하는지 보기 > 꿈쩍도 안한다.

SYS@ora11g> alter system checkpoint;
System altered.

2. 어쩔 수 없이 수동으로 DB 내리기

SYS@ora11g> shutdown immediate
ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file
ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

있어야 할 위치에 컨트롤파일이 없다고 하면서 오류 발생

아래는 alert log 정보

##########################################################################

Mon Jan 29 09:54:13 2024
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g/trace/ora11g_m000_31421.trc:
ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file
ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

##########################################################################

SYS@ora11g> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.

shutdown abort 로 DB 내리기

3. RMAN 에서 노마운트 단계까지만 접속하기

(RMAN 세션으로 나갔다가 다시 접속해서 실행해야 한다)

RMAN> exit

[oracle@oracle ~]$ rman target /

connected to target database (not started)

not started 라고 친절하게 알려주기까지 함 ♡

그럼 started 단계까지 띄워주는 게 인지상정이겠지...

RMAN> startup nomount;

Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area     711430144 bytes

Fixed Size                     1367004 bytes
Variable Size                448791588 bytes
Database Buffers             255852544 bytes
Redo Buffers                   5419008 bytes

DB 를 노마운트 단계까지 띄웠고, 이제 컨트롤파일을 복구해야 하는데

백업 정보를 가지고 있는 컨트롤파일이 깨졌기 때문에

list backup; 명령어로 컨트롤파일의 백업 정보를 볼 수 없다.

RMAN> list backup;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of list command at 01/29/2024 09:57:14
ORA-01507: database not mounted

하지만 백업 정보를 알고 있는 경우 (백업정보를 문서화해 놓은 경우) 백업파일을 찾아서 리스토어할 수 있다.

아래는 위에서 적어놓은 백업 정보

(복습할 때도 백업받고 나서 컨트롤파일 깨뜨리기 전에

꼭 백업 정보 메모장에 미리 기록해놓기!)

4. 백업으로 컨트롤파일 복구하기

restore controlfile from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_29/o1_mf_s_1159523107_lvfx8n4v_.bkp';

(위 문장 수행하면 자꾸 오류남... ㅠㅠ 아래는 챗 GPT 에게 물어봐서 고쳐놓은 문장)

restore controlfile from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_29/o1_mf_s_1159523107_lvfx8n4v_.bkp';

근데 뭐가 다른 점인지 1도 모르겠다. 나 오류 대체 왜 떴던 거야? ... 그냥 컴퓨터가 나 괴롭히고 싶어서?

아무튼 GPT의 도움으로 어찌어찌 수행되긴 함.

(나 복습 중인데 위에 문장 오류 1도 없어... 컴퓨터가 또 나 괴롭히려고 오락가락한 듯 ㅡㅡ 나쁜 자식)

아래는 오류 메시지

RMAN> restore controlfile from from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_29/o1_mf_s_1159523107_lvfx8n4v_.bkp';

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00558: error encountered while parsing input commands
RMAN-01009: syntax error: found "from": expecting one of: "autobackup, tag, double-quoted-string, single-quoted-string"
RMAN-01007: at line 1 column 26 file: standard input

아래는 복습 중에 나온 제대로 된 복구 화면

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_29/o1_mf_s_1159548717_lvgp8x9d_.bkp';

Starting restore at 29-JAN-24
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=11 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl
Finished restore at 29-JAN-24

5. 복구한 컨트롤파일을 이용해서 mount 단계까지 올리기

RMAN> alter database mount

database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1

6. 데이터베이스 복구하기

RMAN> recover database;

RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at 29-JAN-24
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 29-JAN-24
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=11 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 1 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 29-JAN-24

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 29-JAN-24
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 29-JAN-24

searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/backupset/2024_01_29/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20240129T100628_lvfyjov3_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_24/o1_mf_s_1159108019_lv17x4mh_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_25/o1_mf_s_1159197667_lv3zgmts_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_25/o1_mf_s_1159205985_lv47ll9f_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_29/o1_mf_s_1159523107_lvfx8n4v_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_29/o1_mf_s_1159524434_lvfyl37q_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_29/o1_mf_s_1159524816_lvfyy0ls_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_29/o1_mf_s_1159548717_lvgp8x9d_.bkp

using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 4 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/redo01.log
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/redo01.log thread=1 sequence=4
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 29-JAN-24

7. resetlogs 로 DB 열기

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

database opened

컨트롤파일이 깨졌기 때문에 DB 는 무조건 resetlogs 로 오픈해야 한다.

8. 새로 백업받기

RMAN> backup as compressed backupset database;

백업받고

RMAN> list backup;

백업본 확인

RMAN> list backup;

List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
64      Full    323.58M    DISK        00:00:36     29-JAN-24
        BP Key: 64   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20240129T094421
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/backupset/2024_01_29/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20240129T094421_lvfx7651_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 64
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  1       Full 2170239    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/system01.dbf
  2       Full 2170239    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/sysaux01.dbf
  4       Full 2170239    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
  5       Full 2170239    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf
  6       Full 2170239    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/undotbs01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
65      Full    9.73M      DISK        00:00:02     29-JAN-24
        BP Key: 65   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20240129T100623
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_29/o1_mf_s_1159524383_lvfyjk0y_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 29-JAN-24
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA11G
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2170892      Ckp time: 29-JAN-24

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
66      Full    327.30M    DISK        00:00:42     29-JAN-24
        BP Key: 66   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20240129T100628
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/backupset/2024_01_29/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20240129T100628_lvfyjov3_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 66
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  1       Full 2171114    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/system01.dbf
  2       Full 2171114    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/sysaux01.dbf
  4       Full 2171114    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
  5       Full 2171114    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf
  6       Full 2171114    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/undotbs01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
67      Full    9.73M      DISK        00:00:01     29-JAN-24
        BP Key: 67   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20240129T100714
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_29/o1_mf_s_1159524434_lvfyl37q_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 29-JAN-24
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA11G
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2171223      Ckp time: 29-JAN-24

9. 정리 작업

RMAN> report obsolete;

정책상 필요없는 백업본 확인

(아까 그 백업본 없었으면 컨트롤파일 복구도 못했을 텐데?...

복구했다고 바로 내팽개쳐지는 거 보니까 좀 씁쓸하다 ㅠ.ㅠ)

RMAN> delete obsolete;

Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes

필요없어진 백업본 지우기

RMAN> report obsolete;

RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;
RMAN> list expired archivelog all;
RMAN> delete expired archivelog all;
RMAN> list expired archivelog all;
필요없어진 아카이브 파일도 다 지우기

RMAN> list backup;

백업본 확인 : 필요없는 백업본은 깔끔하게 지워져 있다.

RMAN> list backup;

List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
66      Full    327.30M    DISK        00:00:42     29-JAN-24
        BP Key: 66   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20240129T100628
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/backupset/2024_01_29/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20240129T100628_lvfyjov3_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 66
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  1       Full 2171114    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/system01.dbf
  2       Full 2171114    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/sysaux01.dbf
  4       Full 2171114    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
  5       Full 2171114    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf
  6       Full 2171114    29-JAN-24 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/undotbs01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
67      Full    9.73M      DISK        00:00:01     29-JAN-24
        BP Key: 67   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20240129T100714
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_29/o1_mf_s_1159524434_lvfyl37q_.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 29-JAN-24
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORA11G
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2171223      Ckp time: 29-JAN-24

select a.group#, b.sequence#, a.member, b.bytes/1024/1024MB, b.archived, b.status
from v$logfile a, v$log b
where a.group# = b.group#
order by 1;

리두 정보 확인

시나리오 n+1. 컨트롤파일 또 깨뜨리기

1. 컨트롤파일 손상시키기

SYS@ora11g> select name from v$controlfile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl

현재 컨트롤파일이 있는 위치 확인

SYS@ora11g> ! rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl

컨트롤파일 지우기

SYS@ora11g> ! ls /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl
ls: cannot access /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl: No such file or directory

2. DB 내리기

SYS@ora11g> shutdown immediate

shutdown immediate 로 내려보려고 했지만

ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file
ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

될 리가 없지...

SYS@ora11g> shutdown abort

shutdown abort 로 DB 내리기

3. RMAN 으로 새로 접속

RMAN> exit

[oracle@oracle ~]$ rman target /

connected to target database (not started)

접속하면: not started 라고 친절하게 알려준다.

4. RMAN 에서 DB 노마운트 단계까지 올리기

RMAN> startup nomount;

5. 받아놓은 백업 중 가장 최근 거 찾아서 깨진 컨트롤파일 알아서 리스토어하라고 시키기

RMAN> restore controlfile from autobackup;

RMAN> restore controlfile from autobackup;

Starting restore at 29-JAN-24
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=11 device type=DISK

recovery area destination: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
database name (or database unique name) used for search: ORA11G
channel ORA_DISK_1: AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_29/o1_mf_s_1159524434_lvfyl37q_.bkp found in the recovery area
AUTOBACKUP search with format "%F" not attempted because DBID was not set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_29/o1_mf_s_1159524434_lvfyl37q_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: control file restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl
Finished restore at 29-JAN-24

6. DB 마운트 단계까지 올리기

RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1

7. 데이터베이스 리커버리

RMAN> recover database;

리두 로그 적용해서 DB 복구하기

RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at 29-JAN-24
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 29-JAN-24
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=11 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 3 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 29-JAN-24

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 29-JAN-24
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 29-JAN-24

searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_24/o1_mf_s_1159108019_lv17x4mh_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_25/o1_mf_s_1159197667_lv3zgmts_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_25/o1_mf_s_1159205985_lv47ll9f_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_29/o1_mf_s_1159523107_lvfx8n4v_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/autobackup/2024_01_29/o1_mf_s_1159524434_lvfyl37q_.bkp

using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/redo01.log
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/redo01.log thread=1 sequence=1
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 29-JAN-24

8. 리셋로그로 데이터베이스 열기

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened

컨트롤파일이 깨졌으므로 DB 는 리셋로그로 열어야 한다.

9. 의미 없는 과거 백업본과 아카이브파일 등 지우기

RMAN> list backup;

RMAN> report obsolete;

RMAN> delete obsolete;

RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;

RMAN> list expired archivelog all;

RMAN> delete expired archivelog all;

SYS@ora11g> ! ls /home/oracle/arch1
arch_1_1_1159524370.arc arch_1_28_1158423268.arc

컨트롤파일이 깨졌을 경우 autobackup 을 사용해서 백업하면 편하지만 이게 안 먹힐 때도 있다.

(그럴 때는 하는 수 없이 컨트롤파일의 백업본 이름을 알아내서 수동으로 백업해야 함)

그러니 백업을 받을 때마다 꼭 백업파일 이름과 어느 위치에 백업받았는지를 꼭 기록해놓는 습관을 들이자.

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